Significant heat islands of temperature more than 60 ☌ have also been noted near the iron and steel factories of the industrial area. The temperature in the sub urban areas is moderate however, high temperature (50–55 ☌) has been recorded in the industrial area of the city. During the summer, the surface temperature in the residential area of the city is around 40–50 ☌. During the month of March, the temperature increases gradually and reaches high in June. However, the industrial area and some parts of the residential area have more temperature than the rest of the city.

The study reveals that the surface temperature is relatively low and ranging from 20 to 30 ☌ in January. Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Remote Sensor (TIRS) data has been used for this study and the surface temperature has been estimated by using single-channel (SC) method.

The study also aims to analyze the spatial and temporal variations of LST of the city. This study is to find the surface temperature of Jubail Industrial City, which is one of the biggest industrial areas in the world. It is also useful for making urban heat transfer models, water resource management, climate change modeling, and environmental studies. Land surface temperature (LST) is one of the key parameter used for analyzing the heat energy balance and thermal flux of land surfaces.